Biomarker
The cell division cycle 2 protein (CDC2) is a catalytic subunit of a protein kinase complex called the M phase promoting factor (MPF), which is essential for G1/S and G2/M phase transitions of the eukaryotic cell cycle. CDC2 exists as a complex with both cyclin A and cyclin B, of which the best characterized is the CDC2 p34 cyclin B complex that is required for the G2 to M phase transition. Activation of CDC2 is controlled at several steps, including cyclin binding and phosphorylation of threonine 161. However, the critical regulatory step in activating CDC2 during the progression into mitosis appears to be dephosphorylation of Tyrosine 15 and Threonine 14.